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Stem cell engineering in tissue repair: A Review of Therapeutic Perspectives

Authors :

Farnaz Mozayani¹ Mohammadbagher Kargar²

1- دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بیرجند 2- دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

Keywords :

Stem Cell Engineering،Regenerative Medicine،Tissue Repair

Abstract :

Stem cell engineering represents a transformative frontier in regenerative medicine, offering significant therapeutic potential for the repair and replacement of damaged tissues. This review explores the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing stem cell activity, with a particular emphasis on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their role in modulating immune responses, promoting angiogenesis, and supporting tissue regeneration. Stem cells operate within dynamic microenvironments known as "niches," where complex interactions with cellular components and the extracellular matrix shape their behavior and function. This article also highlights advanced engineering strategies, such as scaffold-based 3D cultures and gene-editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas9, which enhance the therapeutic efficacy and integration of stem cells. Despite current challenges—including tumorigenicity, immune rejection, and ethical concerns—stem cell engineering continues to evolve, promising effective solutions for a wide range of clinical applications, including cardiac, neural, and orthopedic tissue repair.

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