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Alterations of Brain Activation Maps in Adults with ADHD During Risk-Related Decision-Making Evidence from the Balloon Analogue Risk Task

Authors :

Bahar Kermani¹ Mahdi Mirzaee Barzegar² Alireza Shirazinodeh³

1- دانشگاه آزاد علوم و پزشکی تهران 2- دانشگاه آزاد علوم و پزشکی تهران 3- دانشگاه آزاد علوم و پزشکی تهران

Keywords :

Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder،Balloon Analogue Risk Task،FMRI data،Connectivity Networks

Abstract :

Inattention, impulsiveness, and inadequate control of impulses are characteristic features of Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a widespread neurological developmental condition. To explore potential mechanisms, we analyzed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data collected during the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). We have performed our analysis at both participant and group levels. We examined two contrasts: Balloon>Control and Control>Balloon, reflecting differential engagement during task versus control conditions. For purposes of the group comparison, participants involved 38 individuals with ADHD and 38 matched healthy control subjects. Our findings showed that in comparison to the control group, participants with ADHD demonstrated increased brain activation maps in the Visual Network (VN) and the Default Mode Network (DMN). The modifications occur as a result of motor restlessness, a hypersensitivity to stimuli from the outside, and the integration of unimportant ideas through focused objective procedures. Moreover, we found that a fundamental imbalance exists among executive control and sensory attentional (VN, DMN) networks that are linked to ADHD. In clinical terms, our results support the use of interventions that strengthen impulse regulation and cognitive control, and further emphasize the relevance of task-based paradigms such as BART for advancing our understanding of ADHD-related neural processes.