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In silico Evaluation of a High-Porosity Titanium Scaffold in a Bioreactor for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications: A Fluid Transport Study

Authors :

Elnaz Khorasani¹ Setareh Garazhian² Bahman Vahidi³

1- دانشکدگان علوم و فناوری‌های میان رشته ای دانشگاه تهران 2- دانشگاه تبریز 3- دانشکدگان علوم و فناوری‌های میان رشته ای دانشگاه تهران

Keywords :

Osseointegration،Scaffold Design،Porous Structures،CFD،FSI،Tissue Engineering

Abstract :

This study involves the design and testing of a titanium scaffold that had very high porosity, the aim of, being to determine whether it would be useful as a bone tissue engineering substrate. The structure is based on a modified body-centered cubic (BCC) unit cell with an added vertical strut to improve strength while preserving open space. The model was created in Rhinoceros® 3D and achieved a porosity of approximately 93.5%, which is considered very high for bone scaffolds. To understand how this design would behave, a fully coupled fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulation was performed. The scaffold material was modeled as linearly elastic Ti6Al4V and the surrounding fluid as a Newtonian perfusion medium. The results showed very low internal stresses from the flowing fluid (peak von Mises stress ≈ 6.62 kPa) with al- most no deformation, confirming that the scaffold maintains its shape under typical perfusion conditions. The flow remained efficient and mostly laminar; the aver- age velocity was 1.41 mm/s, within the osteogenic range 0.16–1.66 mm/s, with local peaks up to 2.7 mm/s in channels aligned with the flow. Overall, the scaffold pro- posed here will have a mechanical integrity and will have an efficient nutrient transportation at the same time. Such combination makes it encouraging both in regard to im- plants and in regard to bioreactors intended to grow an extra tissue in vitro.