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Fuzzy Estimator of the Soleus Activation during Heel-raising Motion using OpenSim–MATLAB

Authors :

Mohammad-Reza Sayyed Noorani¹ Roghaiyeh Ahmadian Sarand² Nakisa Farshforoush³

1- University of Tabriz 2- University of Tabriz 3- University of Tabriz

Keywords :

Heel-raising Motion،Muscle-driven Simulation،Fuzzy Estimator،Soleus Activation،OpenSim/MATLAB API

Abstract :

In this study, we address muscle-driven simulation for heel-raising motion and estimate the activation of the soleus muscle using a fuzzy inference system (FIS). Surface electromyography (sEMG) signals of the major shank muscles are recorded experimentally, while optical markers attached to anatomical landmarks on the leg are simultaneously tracked using a conventional camera to extract ankle joint kinematics via the Kinovea motion analysis software. Two separate FISs are designed in MATLAB: one based on ankle joint kinematic data and the other on sEMG signals of agonist-antagonist muscles. Both systems were able to estimate the soleus muscle activation. Next, the movement is simulated based on the sEMG signals of four muscles (medial and lateral gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis anterior), using the Forward Dynamics tool of OpenSim, with the ankle plantarflexion angle as the output. The error between the maximum experimental and simulated angles serves as the evaluation metric. Although both FISs successfully estimate soleus activation, the EMG-based FIS demonstrates a more physiologically plausible signal pattern and marginally superior performance. It should be noted that without stimulating the soleus, the simulated movement fails to execute correctly.